debian安装docker教程(debian docker)

目录：

• 1、Debian安装Docker(国内源)
• 2、debian 8 怎么安装Docker
• 3、debian 9 stretch安装docker
• 4、Debian11安装docker
• 5、Docker容器中安装Docker

Debian安装Docker(国内源)

参考docker官方文档：

文章最后列出了使用国内源的安装步骤

老版本的Docker名为： docker, docker.io或者docker-engine(不存在)

在安装Docker之前首先需要设置仓库源。

5:20.10.8~3-0~debian-bullseye 为版本号

安装指定版本

debian 8 怎么安装Docker

一般这类软件官网都有FAQ的。还有看官网的user guide

英文安装过程如下：

Debian

Docker is supported on the following versions of Debian:

Debian testing stretch (64-bit)

Debian 8.0 Jessie (64-bit)

Debian 7.7 Wheezy (64-bit) (backports required)

Note: If you previously installed Docker using APT, make sure you update your APT sources to the new APT repository.

Prerequisites

Docker requires a 64-bit installation regardless of your Debian version. Additionally, your kernel must be 3.10 at minimum. The latest 3.10 minor version or a newer maintained version are also acceptable.

Kernels older than 3.10 lack some of the features required to run Docker containers. These older versions are known to have bugs which cause data loss and frequently panic under certain conditions.

To check your current kernel version, open a terminal and use uname -r to display your kernel version:

$ uname -r

Additionally, for users of Debian Wheezy, backports must be available. To enable backports in Wheezy:

Log into your machine and open a terminal with sudo or root privileges.

Open the /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list file in your favorite editor.

If the file doesn’t exist, create it.

Remove any existing entries.

Add an entry for backports on Debian Wheezy.

An example entry:

deb wheezy-backports main

Update package information:

$ apt-get update

Update your apt repository

Docker’s APT repository contains Docker 1.7.1 and higher. To set APT to use from the new repository:

If you haven’t already done so, log into your machine as a user with sudo or root privileges.

Open a terminal window.

Purge any older repositories.

$ apt-get purge "lxc-docker*"

$ apt-get purge "docker.io*"

Update package information, ensure that APT works with the https method, and that CA certificates are installed.

$ apt-get update

$ apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates

Add the new GPG key.

$ apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D

Open the /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list file in your favorite editor.

If the file doesn’t exist, create it.

Remove any existing entries.

Add an entry for your Debian operating system.

The possible entries are:

Note: Docker does not provide packages for all architectures. To install docker on a multi-architecture system, add an [arch=...] clause to the entry. Refer to the Debian Multiarch wiki for details.

On Debian Wheezy

deb debian-wheezy main

On Debian Jessie

deb debian-jessie main

On Debian Stretch/Sid

deb debian-stretch main

Save and close the file.

Update the APT package index.

$ apt-get update

Verify that APT is pulling from the right repository.

$ apt-cache policy docker-engine

From now on when you run apt-get upgrade, APT pulls from the new apt repository.

Install Docker

Before installing Docker, make sure you have set your APT repository correctly as described in the prerequisites.

Update the APT package index.

$ sudo apt-get update

Install Docker.

$ sudo apt-get install docker-engine

Start the docker daemon.

$ sudo service docker start

Verify docker is installed correctly.

$ sudo docker run hello-world

This command downloads a test image and runs it in a container. When the container runs, it prints an informational message. Then, it exits.

Giving non-root access

The docker daemon always runs as the root user and the docker daemon binds to a Unix socket instead of a TCP port. By default that Unix socket is owned by the user root, and so, by default, you can access it with sudo.

If you (or your Docker installer) create a Unix group called docker and add users to it, then the docker daemon will make the ownership of the Unix socket read/writable by the docker group when the daemon starts. The docker daemon must always run as the root user, but if you run the docker client as a user in thedocker group then you don’t need to add sudo to all the client commands. From Docker 0.9.0 you can use the -G flag to specify an alternative group.

Warning: The docker group (or the group specified with the -G flag) is root-equivalent; see Docker Daemon Attack Surface details.

Example:

# Add the docker group if it doesn't already exist.

$ sudo groupadd docker

# Add the connected user "${USER}" to the docker group.

# Change the user name to match your preferred user.

# You may have to logout and log back in again for

# this to take effect.

$ sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker

# Restart the Docker daemon.

$ sudo service docker restart

Upgrade Docker

To install the latest version of Docker with apt-get:

$ apt-get upgrade docker-engine

Uninstall

To uninstall the Docker package:

$ sudo apt-get purge docker-engine

To uninstall the Docker package and dependencies that are no longer needed:

$ sudo apt-get autoremove --purge docker-engine

The above commands will not remove images, containers, volumes, or user created configuration files on your host. If you wish to delete all images, containers, and volumes run the following command:

$ rm -rf /var/lib/docker

You must delete the user created configuration files manually.

如果你用apt 请先更新apt 

docker 支持64位debain .内核最低必须是3.10的。

可以用 uname -r 命令查看系统和内核版本

debian 9 stretch安装docker

1.卸载历史docker

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io

2. 更新apt-get源

sudo apt-get update

3.安装软件包让apt支持HTTPS

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg2 software-properties-common

4.添加docker官方GPG KEY

curl -fsSL (. /etc/os-release;echo"$ID")/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

5.指纹验证

sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

是否是：9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88

6.添加apt镜像仓库

x86_64 :

sudo add-apt-repository\"deb [arch=amd64] (. /etc/os-release;echo"$ID")\$(lsb_release -cs)\stable"

armhf :

echo"deb [arch=armhf] (. /etc/os-release;echo"$ID")\$(lsb_release -cs)stable"|\sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list

7.安装docker CE（Docker 从 17.03版本之后分为 CE（Community Edition） 和 EE（Enterprise Edition））

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install docker-ce

Debian11安装docker

获取加速服务方法

需要将当前用户加入 docker 用户组，否则进行相关操作会提示没有权限，也不建议使用 root 身份来操作docker

至此，docker安装完成。

Docker容器中安装Docker

最近用到Jenkins，使用了Docker来提供服务，但是在构建步骤中又希望能够使用Docker去生成镜像，因此需要实现在Docker容器中去安装Docker，其实也就是在特定的系统环境下安装Docker，但是实际操作中可能还会出现其他问题。

以Jenkins/Jenkins容器为例子。

进入jenkins容器：

一般安装前都需要知道当前系统信息，没有安装lsb-core,因此执行：

我在第一次查询时候也看不出来是用的哪个系统以及版本，猜测应该为Debian。

因为原来的配置的源速度太慢（无效？），因此执行apt-get update都会失败，所以无法去安装新的软件。所以需要先更改源配置，这个过程中我找到了不少配置信息，但是基本都因为key过期等原因不能够使用。这里推荐一个很好的网站，会每隔四小时发布Debian的源地址：

备份Linux的源配置文件：

修改源配置信息（因为没有安装vim，只能通过方式将地址写入文件）

然后安装vim，方便后面查看等操作。

编辑sources.list 文件，配置完整地址。

同样安装lsb-core，安装完成后可以使用lsb_release -a查看系统版本。

接下来就是安装Docker，这里我们已经知道是在Debian环境下安装Docker，可以参考菜鸟的步骤：